Internet of things for monitoring electrical systems: architectures, technologies and implementation challenges
Keywords:
Internet of Things, smart grid, electrical monitoring, interoperability, edge computingAbstract
Introduction: The Internet of Things has established itself as a relevant digital layer to observe electrical assets, integrate distributed measurements, and support operational decisions in increasingly connected energy systems. Objective: To synthesize the evidence published between 2018 and 2022 on IoT architectures, enabling technologies, monitoring applications, and implementation challenges in electrical systems, identifying development patterns and research gaps. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using a structured search, screening, and eligibility process. Records were evaluated by period, thematic relevance, DOI availability, type of publication, and sufficiency of technical information. The final synthesis included 23 studies. Results: The selected literature evidences a transition from general smart grid architectures to solutions oriented to wireless sensing, edge computing, power quality, equipment monitoring, and data analytics. Interoperability, cybersecurity, communication latency, data quality, and scalability repeatedly appeared as implementation constraints. Methodological heterogeneity limits direct comparison between architectures and rules out a common quantitative measure of effect. Conclusions: IoT favors more continuous and distributed monitoring, but its practical usefulness depends on integration with legacy infrastructure, reliable data exchange, and security by design. Comparative validations, reproducible reports, and evaluations under representative operating conditions are required.
Downloads
References
1. Alireza Ghasempour. Internet of Things in Smart Grid: Architecture, Applications, Services, Key Technologies, and Challenges. Inventions. 2019; 4(1):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010022
2. Al-Turjman F, Abujubbeh M. IoT-enabled smart grid via SM: An overview. Future Gener Comput Syst. 2019;96:579-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.02.012
3. Y. Saleem, N. Crespi, M.H. Rehmani, R. Copeland. Internet of Things-Aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions. IEEE Access. 2019;7:62962-63003. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913984
4. Reka SS, Dragicevic T. Future effectual role of energy delivery: A comprehensive review of Internet of Things and smart grid. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;91:90-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.089
5. S.R. Mugunthan, T. Vijayakumar. Review on IoT Based Smart Grid Architecture Implementations. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation. 2019; 1(1):20-27. https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.1.002
6. Khan F, Siddiqui MAB, Rehman AU, Khan J, Sadiq MT, Asad A. IoT Based Power Monitoring System for Smart Grid Applications. In: 2020 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET). IEEE; 2020. p. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEET48479.2020.9048229
7. Lilia Tightiz, Hyosik Yang. A Comprehensive Review on IoT Protocols’ Features in Smart Grid Communication. Energies. 2020; 13(11):2762. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112762
8. Bagdadee AH, Hoque MZ, Zhang L. IoT Based Wireless Sensor Network for Power Quality Control in Smart Grid. Procedia Comput Sci. 2020;167:1148-1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.417
9. Rohan Pal, Suresh Chavhan, Deepak Gupta, Ashish Khanna, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Baseem Khan, Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues. A comprehensive review on IoT-based infrastructure for smart grid applications. IET Renew Power Gener. 2021; 15(14):3061-3090. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12272
10. Sartika N, Sukmana Y, Effendi MR, Rusliana I, Khomisah, Yuningsih Y. A Systematic Literature Review on IoT-based Smart Grid. In: 2021 7th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT). IEEE; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWT52862.2021.9678415
11. Alavikia Z, Shabro M. A comprehensive layered approach for implementing internet of things-enabled smart grid: A survey. Digit Commun Netw. 2022; 8(3):388-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.01.002
12. Aranda JAS, Costa RDS, Vargas VW, Pereira PRDS, Barbosa JLV, Vianna MP. Context-aware Edge Computing and Internet of Things in Smart Grids: A systematic mapping study. Comput Electr Eng. 2022;99:107826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.107826
13. Jesus Jaime Moreno Escobar et al.. A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities. Sensors. 2021; 21(21):6978. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21216978
14. Dileep G. A survey on smart grid technologies and applications. Renew Energy. 2020;146:2589-2625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.092
15. Deepak Kumar Panda, Saptarshi Das. Smart grid architecture model for control, optimization and data analytics of future power networks with more renewable energy. J Clean Prod. 2021;301:126877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126877
16. Ananthavijayan R, Shanmugam PK, Sanjeevikumar P, Holm-Nielsen JB, Blaabjerg F, Fedak V. Software Architectures for Smart Grid System-A Bibliographical Survey. Energies. 2019; 12(6):1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061183
17. Yang Zhang, Tao Huang, Ettore Francesco Bompard. Big data analytics in smart grids: a review. Energy Inform. 2018; 1(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-018-0007-5
18. Liu D., Liang H., Zeng X., Zhang Q., Zhang Z., Li M.. Edge Computing Application, Architecture, and Challenges in Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things. Front Energy Res. 2022; 10: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.850252
19. Molokomme DN, Onumanyi AJ, Abu-Mahfouz AM. Edge Intelligence in Smart Grids: A Survey on Architectures, Offloading Models, Cyber Security Measures, and Challenges. J Sens Actuator Netw. 2022; 11(3):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan11030047
20. Lei T, Lv F, Liu J, Feng J, Sun G. Research on Electrical Equipment Monitoring and Early Warning System Based on Internet of Things Technology. Math Probl Eng. 2022;2022:6255277. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6255277
21. Muhammed Zekeriya Gunduz, Resul Das. Cyber-security on smart grid: Threats and potential solutions. Comput Netw. 2020;169:107094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.107094
22. Ferrag MA, Babaghayou M, Yazici MA. Cyber security for fog-based smart grid SCADA systems: Solutions and challenges. J Inf Secur Appl. 2020;52:102500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102500
23. Rafał Leszczyna. Cybersecurity and privacy in standards for smart grids – A comprehensive survey. Comput Stand Interfaces. 2018;56:134-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2017.09.005
24. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
25. Not applicable. This study is a review of published literature and did not involve direct participation of human beings, animals, interventions, or collection of identifiable personal data.
26. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) USE STATEMENT
27. The authors declare that the generative artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT (OpenAI) was used exclusively to support the organization of the article and translation of text. Its use did not determine the scientific content, study design, source selection, data analysis, interpretation of results, or conclusions. Full responsibility for the content remains with the authors.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Silvia Elena Mireille Ypanaque Arteaga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
